Abstract:Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov kabmob cov menyuam cov ntaub thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog cov ntaub thaiv npog cov ntaub thaiv npog cov ntaub thaiv npog
Ntsiab lus:Dov cov kabmob; Cov ntaub thaiv npog tshuab; kev tsim
Cov kabmob tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb tivthaiv ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog tshuab, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub thaiv npog cutter system. Nws cov kev pabcuam lub neej thiab kev ntseeg siab ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog cov ntaub thaiv npog tshuab. Tam sim no, kev coj tus cwjpwm tseem ceeb ua lag luam ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog cov ntaub pua plag hauv Suav teb yog monopolized los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Yuav kom ua tiav cov chaw hauv zos ntawm cov ntaub thaiv cov tshuab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ywj pheej loj hlob thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm cov ntaub thaiv cov tshuab. Vim yog lub chaw ua haujlwm hnyav thiab cov kabmob sib kis tau ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv lub zog ua ke, thiab lwm yam thaum ua haujlwm hnyav. Cov kev ua tau zoo, kev cia siab, thiab lub neej pabcuam txiav txim siab txiav txim siab cov kev pabcuam lub neej thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv cov kabmob. Yog li ntawd, nkag siab thiab txawj kho cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev kho cua sov zoo ntawm cov kabmob tseem ceeb rau lub zos ntawm cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv cov ntaub thaiv cov pob zeb.
1. Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas
Tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kabmob tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm tsev thiab txawv teb chaws siv cov tshuab Swrs 4460 ncaj qha nyeem lus Spectrometer. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv lub rooj 1. Cov menyuam cov khoom hauv Suav teb yog GCR18mo, thiab cov qauv txheem hauv lub rooj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm GB \/ T 18254-2002. Raws li lub rooj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm C, CR, SI, kab ntawv hauv cov kabmob me me, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm MN thiab Mo cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov khoom siv rau cov kabmob tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab belongs rau gcr18mo siab carbon chromium cov kabmob steel.
Vim tias cov kev ntxhov siab uas muaj cov kabmob me me ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog cov ntaub pua tsev thiab cov menyuam loj), txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov menyuam yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum yog tias cov khoom yuav tsum muaj cov khoom nyuaj. Qhov nce nyob hauv MN cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov kabmob tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub matrix; Kev tsim nyog nce lub mo cov ntsiab lus tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj teeb meem nyuaj, tab sis kuj tau kov yeej cov teeb meem tempering los ntawm kev nce hauv mn keeb ntsiab lus.
Cov lus 1 sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kabmob tseem ceeb chais ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog cov tshuab ntawm tsev thiab txawv teb chaws
2. MEALLographic tsom xam
Tus Olympus GX51 tsom tsom xam siv hlau teeb kuaj ntawm cov kabmob tseem ceeb rau cov tshuab txawv teb chaws ntawm cov tshuab luam yeeb. Cov txheej txheem saum npoo thiab cov tub ntxhais ua haujlwm yog qhia hauv daim duab 1 thiab Daim Duab 2, feem. Etchant siv yog 4% nitric acid dej cawv tov.
Daim duab 1 Deg Hlau Hlau Cov Qauv
Daim Duab 2 Hlau Hlau Qauv Ntawm Lub Plawv
Sib piv Card 1 thiab Daim Duab 2, nws tuaj yeem pom meej meej tias muaj cov carbides tsis zoo (cov martensite (cov martens) Qhov laj thawj ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov carbides tsis muaj qhov tseeb yog qhov luv luv ntawm cov tub ntxhais qub, thiab lub sijhawm ua kom sov tsis txaus, ua rau muaj cov carbides ntau tsis yaj mus rau hauv pawg. Qhov laj thawj rau cov tsos ntawm bainite qauv yog vim muaj qhov loj me ntawm cov menyuam, thiab nyob rau hauv tib tus nqi uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub txias txias rau bainite.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev coj cov ntawv sib tw ntawm cov qauv yog los txiav txim siab tias cov kab mob tseem ceeb, lossis cov qauv kev kho mob qis dua, txhawm rau txiav txim siab lawv cov txheej txheem kev kho mob kub thiab cov tsis sib haum xeeb. Hauv qhov qis magnification kub theem, lub koob yees duab dub zoo li cov qauv uas tuaj yeem pom pom meej meej yog feem ntau qis dua. Tsawg dua yog cov neeg siv tshuab sib xyaw muaj cov roj carbon supersaturated ntawv-zoo li ferrite thiab sab hauv carbides. GCR18Mo belongs rau cov pa roj carbon hlau siab, thiab lub microstructure tau tom qab quenching yog daim ntawv yog martensite (rab koob zoo li Martensite). Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib lub ntsuas phoo metallographic, microstructure ntawm qis dua Bainite yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo li cov pa roj martens. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua kom pom kev soj ntsuam thiab kev tsom xam ntawm nws cov microstructure los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob tau ua tau.
3. Kis Tau Txais Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Cov kabmob tseem ceeb cov menyuam cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub thaiv cov tshuab txawv teb chaws Tus qauv tuab yog av rau {{}}}}} ion siv ion thinning txoj kev, thiab tom qab ntawd tshuaj ntsuam los ntawm kev xa khoom hluav taws xob elotcopy.
Daim duab 3 schematic daim duab ntawm cov chaw ntsuas qhov chaw
Kev tshuaj xyuas kev ua ntej qhia tau hais tias cov qauv feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm qis los ntawm qis dua. Muaj cov carbides me me nyob rau hauv lub tiaj tiaj tiaj thiab ob peb qho kev sib cav tsis muaj carbides. Cov ntsiab lus teev tseg qhia tau hais tias muaj txog 80% ~ 90% qis dua Bainite, ib qho me me ntawm Martensite thiab undissolved loj carbides. Tus xa khoom hluav taws xob cov duab tsom iav yog qhia hauv cov duab 4-6.
Daim duab 4 yam ntxwv ntawm Bainite
Daim duab 5 Cov Neeg Muaj Cim Bainite thiab Incompided Carbides
Los ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob electron tsom iav tsom xam, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias thaum lub zog loj dua, txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws Tom qab quenching, tus qauv qauv tsis yog ib tus qauv bainite, tab sis ib tus qauv composite, tsuas yog tsim ntawm bainite thiab muaj ib qho me me ntawm martensite. Cov qauv no tsis muaj tsuas muaj lub zog siab thiab tawv ncauj, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo, uas tuaj yeem ntsib cov kev pabcuam hnyav ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog hluav taws xob.
Daim duab 6: Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Bainite thiab Martensite
Tom qab txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, cov txheeb ze cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bainite thiab Martensite tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem kev txiav txim siab. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bainite yog:
(1) Cua kub kub: qhov cua sov cua sov dua, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntau dua ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tom qab muaj peev xwm quenching.
(2) Nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm yog lub sijhawm yog qhov kub thiab txias, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm bainite.
(3) Nyob rau tib lub peev xwm kub, lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Bainite, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Ntawm cov yam cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm Bainite, kho cov kub cua sov thiab nthuav tawm qhov kub thiab txias yuav coj ntau yam kub siab, yog li ntawd, kev hloov kho ntau ntawm ob qho tib si yog me me. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj peev xwm quenching, cov txheeb ze cov ntsiab lus ntawm bainite thiab martensite tuaj yeem hloov kho lub sijhawm, yog li ntawd kev txhim kho lub ntsiab lus ntawm martensite, yog li ntawd kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm martensite thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab hardness ntawm cov menyuam.
4. Hardness Soj Ntsuam
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab lub hardness thiab faib cov kabmob collers ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws Tom qab ntawd, txiav cov menyuam raws li ntawm 1\/2 ntawm nws qhov ntev, zom cov ntaub ntawv Rockness, cov kev faib tawm ntawm cov menyuam los ntawm nws ntug mus rau hauv nruab nrab. Tag nrho 16 lub ntsiab lus tau kuaj, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau qhia hauv rooj 2. Lub chaw kuaj nyuaj yog qhia hauv daim duab 7.
Rooj 2 Hardness Kev Ntsuas Cov Kabmob ntawm cov kabmob tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub thaiv cov tshuab txawv teb chaws
Daim duab 7 Hardness Ntsuas Daim Ntawv Qhia
Raws li cov lus 2, lub zog ntawm cov menyuam lub ntsej muag kawg yog qhov siab, tag nrho 60 hrc thiab niaj hnub zoo nkauj, nrog lub siab tawv txawv ntawm tsuas yog 1.1 hrc.
Qhov laj thawj rau lub siab tawv ntawm cov yob yog tias cov khoom siv rau cov txiv hmab me me uas tau nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm mo lub ntsiab lus, uas txhim kho cov khoom siv tsis yooj yim ntawm cov hlau; Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub sij hawm posothermal quenching ntawm cov menyuam, tus nqi txias ntawm cov menyuam lub ntsej muag kawg yog qhov nrawm.
Qhov laj thawj rau cov khaub ncaws tsis zoo ntawm cov chais yog tias cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, thiab kev kho cua sov heev, qhov txias ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov chais tau zoo li qub.
Vim tias cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov ntaub pua rooj ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog cov ntaub pua plag, tab sis kuj tseem muaj zog thiab hardness ua kom tau raws li cov kabmob hnyav thauj khoom. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov menyuam cov khoom tau txiav txim siab, lub hardness ntawm cov menyuam nyob ntawm nws cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov. Los ntawm xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kabmob tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem txawv teb chaws Lub hom phiaj ntawm Bainitic yog qhov quothermal quenching yog kom tau txais tus qauv bainitic qis, uas muaj cov khoom siv neeg kho zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam Bainitic Oothermal quenching kev kho mob yog siv, cov qauv tau muaj 100% qis dua Bainitic qauv. Compared with martensitic structure, although the toughness is significantly improved, the hardness is relatively low, which cannot meet the requirements of the main shaft bearing force of the shield machine.
Los kho cov txheej txheem othericmal quenching thiab pauv cov qauv morphology, thiab seem ntawm cov khoom siv tsis meej, lub zog ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau lub hardness ntawm cov chaw tom qab yog casothermal quenching yog:
(1) Cov tuab ntawm bainite ntaub so ntswg. Lub koom haum ua tiav, siab dua lub hardness. Lub koom haum tuab ntawm lub koom haum tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev kho lub ntsej muag kub ntawm bainite yog qhov quothermal quenching. Qhov qis dua qhov ntsuas kub yog qhov kub thiab txias, tus nplua nuj ntawm cov qauv bainite thiab siab dua lub hardness.
(2) Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bainite, uas yog hais txog cov txheeb ze cov ntsiab lus ntawm bainite thiab martensite hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Lub siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bainite, cov ntsiab lus qis dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm martensite hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab qis dua lub hardness, thiab vice versa. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bainite nyob rau hauv lub koom haum tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev kho lub sijhawm muaj suab npe. Lub sijhawm ntev dua lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus ntau dua ntawm Bainite nyob rau hauv daim ntaub, qis dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm martensite, thiab qis dua lub hardness. Los ntawm qhov no, nws tuaj yeem pom tau hais tias lub sijhawm ua kom luv dua ntawm cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua tiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho lub hom phiaj ntawm cov menyuam.
(3) cov ntsiab lus ntawm seem ntawm austenite. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus Austenual Austenite, qis dua lub hardness.
5. XA PUB DAWB
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nplej uas cov kabmob tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab sab txawv teb chaws yog muaj nyob hauv daim duab 3. Cov qauv piv txwv, thiab hydrochloric acid hauv dej.
Daim Duab 8 Link Loj
Raws li pom hauv daim duab, cov nplej loj ntawm cov menyuam yog qhov me me heev, ncav cuag qib 9 hauv GB \/ T 6394 "Txoj kev rau kev txiav txim siab cov khoom nruab nrab loj me me ntawm cov hlau". Muaj ntau ntau yam uas cuam tshuam cov nyom loj, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cua sov thiab tuav lub sijhawm thaum cua sov. Qhov siab dua cov cua sov thiab lub sijhawm sib npaug ntev dua thaum kev kho cua sov, tus coarser cov noob nplej loj, thiab hloov pauv.
Cov noob nplej loj ntawm cov hlau muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov khoom. Vim tias qhov tseeb tias thaj tsam nplej yog cov teeb meem rau kev tshem tawm txav, lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb thaum deformed rau cov nplej ciam teb txoj haujlwm. Cov ciaj ciam av tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub muaj cov khoom tawg yooj yim hauv qee qhov ntau. Yog li ntawd, cov hmoov nplej ntau dua muaj, qhov siab dua cov txiaj ntsig zoo lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Qhov ntau dua cov nplej loj dua, cov nplej kom zoo nkauj, cov loj dua tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm cov ciaj ciam av, thiab ntau dua cov txiaj ntsig lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Vim muaj kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ciaj ciam los tiv thaiv kev sib tw ntawm microcacks hauv cov hlau, cov nplej zoo kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho cov hlau.
6. Xaus
Los ntawm kev tsom xam thiab kev ntsuas lub ntsiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw
2025 Tsib Hlis Ntuj Lub Limtiam WBM Cov Khoom Taw Qhia:
Cutter:
WBM tsim tawm Taper Roller tuag nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab automation. Cov ntaub pua tsev tau tsim ntawm ib lub tshuab ua haujlwm txias tsis siv neeg
Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov hom sib txawv thiab ntau thiab tsawg
