2.1.4 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm forging zaus
Hauv cov lus txias, cov khoom feem ntau yuav tsum tau mus dhau ob lossis ntau qhov kev ntxhov siab ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem tsim. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tsim nyog ntawm forging zaus yuav siv tag nrho cov kev tso cai deformation℃ntawm cov hlau, txhim kho cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm pwm, thiab xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm lub sijhawm ntxhov siab, xav txog cov hauv qab no:
ib. Forging ratio
Yog hais tias qhov piv ntawm qhov ntev mus rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov deformed ib feem ntawm lub billet loj dhau lawm, ib tug longitudinal dabtsi yog khoov tshwm sim yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug forging, thiab tom qab flattening, ib tug qhaub cij yuav tshwm sim, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 36-9. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov teeb meem no thaum lub sij hawm forging, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj pes tsawg lub voj voog forging. Ua ntej, lub billet yog ua ntej upsetting rau hauv ib tug conical zoo, thiab ces precision upsetting yog nqa tawm kom txog rau thaum nws mus txog rau lub hom phiaj.
Daim duab 36-9 Schematic daim duab ntawm interlayer tshwm sim los ntawm longitudinal dabtsi yog khoov
b. Xav txog qhov piv ntawm txoj kab uas hla D ntawm lub taub hau workpiece mus rau qhov siab H.
Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 36-10, nws yog ib tug loj txoj kab uas hla nyias tiaj taub hau nyias pas nrig ib feem nrog ib tug loj taub hau txoj kab uas hla thiab ib tug me me qhov siab. Qhov yuav tsum tau dawb paug h0/d0 rau lub taub hau loj nyias pas nrig yog 2 los yog ntau tshaj. Yog tias siv ib qho forging, cov kab nrib pleb yuav tshwm sim ntawm ntug ntawm lub taub hau. Cov workpieces zoo sib xws tuaj yeem tsuas yog tsim maj mam los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm kev ntxhov siab forging cycles.
c. Xav txog qhov kev xav tau ntawm qhov roughness ntawm lub workpiece thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm nws cov duab geometric sab nraud
Rau lub tshuab screws nrog cov duab xws li semi- lub taub hau lub taub hau, lub taub hau cylindrical, thiab lwm yam, txawm hais tias qhov ho/do tus nqi ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau dawb paug rau lub taub hau feem ntau tsawg dua 2.5, thiaj li yuav sau lub taub hau thaum lub sij hawm deformation thiab ua tau raws li tus qauv yuav tsum tau, ob qho kev tawm tsam feem ntau yog siv. Ua ntej upsetting conical lub taub hau tsim cov hlau zoo txaus rau cov precision upsetting taub hau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, siv cov hlau nrog ib txoj kab uas hla loj thiab me me deformation rau forge txiv ntseej, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.9s (s yog qhov loj ntawm qhov opposite sab ntawm lub hexagonal txiv ntseej), qhov deformation℃ntawm cov khoom dav dav yog li 25%. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txiv ntoo hexagonal, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev deformation hauv forging, nrog rau lub taub hau txias, sib xyaw extrusion, thiab xuas nrig ntaus. Txhawm rau pab txhawb cov dej ntws ntawm cov hlau thaum lub sij hawm deformation, 3-4 forging ntaus raug xaiv rau kev tsim.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv nrog cov duab nyuaj tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev ua kom lub sijhawm ntxhov siab. Feem ntau, qee cov khoom lag luam muaj qhov nce siab ntawm lub sijhawm ntxhov siab thiab tsim tau yooj yim hauv thawj thiab thib ob chim siab, tab sis vim yog kev ua haujlwm txias, nws nyuaj rau nqa tawm cov khoom hauv kev ntxhov siab tom qab. Manifested li cracking los yog puas rau pwm thaum lub sij hawm forging ntawm lub workpiece. Tus yuam sij rau kev daws cov teeb meem no yog nyob rau hauv kev txo qis deformation, ua kom cov yas ntawm cov hlau, thiab siv cov lubrication zoo dua. Txoj kab uas hla loj thiab cov txheej txheem me me deformation raug xaiv rau bolts thiab screws hauv cov txheej txheem txias. Feem ntau, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau yog nyob ze rau txoj kab uas hla D ntawm cov ntsia hlau xov, thiab ib los yog ob lub pas nrig txo yog siv los ua kom tiav qhov loj ntawm cov ntsia hlau dawb. Rau nruab nrab carbon steel thiab alloy steel, spheroidization annealing yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hloov kho los txhim kho lub txias hau yas ntawm cov hlau, thiab phosphating thiab saponification kev kho mob yog siv los xyuas kom meej lubrication nto ntawm cov hlau thiab txo kev sib txhuam thaum lub sij hawm deformation. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv dag zog thiab toughness rau cov pwm tso cai rau nws los tiv thaiv txoj kev deformations nrog rigidity, nrog rau txaus toughness thiab hnav tsis kam.
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