Preface
Ib tug neeg siv ib batch ntawm bearing steel hlau qws GCr15-Y ntawm 18mm specification ntawm Nangang, thiab nruab nrab yog annealed nyob rau hauv ib tug yob-hauv qab nruam annealing rauv. Lub nruam annealing rauv yog nitrogen tiv thaiv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum-xauv cov menyuam-hauv qab spheroidizing annealing rauv.
Cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm spheroidizing annealing yog raws li hauv qab no: kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom nkag → thauj khoom mus rau lub rooj noj mov → nkag mus rau pem hauv ntej lub tshuab nqus tsev chamber (tswj cua thiab sau cov nitrogen) → nkag mus rau thaj chaw ua ntej cua sov, thaj chaw cua sov, thaj chaw tiv thaiv tshav kub, ceev cua txias, isothermal. thaj chaw, qhov chaw txias txias, thiab thaj chaw txias txias los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev ( cua sov txog 795 degree , kev txuag hluav taws xob rau 7h , ceev txias rau 720 degree , txuag hluav taws xob rau 5h , thiab txias rau 650 degree ntawm 20 degree / h ) → nkag mus rau hauv dej txias → nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev tom qab → tso tawm lub rooj.
Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv raw → acid pickling → phosphorus saponification → teeb duab ntawm ib txheej ntawm 30 xov hlau → blanking thiab txias upsetting rau hauv ib lub ferrule dawb paug, qhov muag liab qab tuaj yeem pom tias muaj qhov tawg ntawm lub ntsej muag ferrule kawg, qhov sib txawv ntawm 10. % thiab 15%, txoj hauj lwm tawg tsis tu ncua, thiab txoj hauj lwm tawg yog perpendicular mus rau dov ncua kev taw qhia raws lub radial kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau pas nrig, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1.
Daim duab 1
Cov neeg siv tswv yim hais tias lub spheroidizing annealing, hlau kos duab thiab cov txheej txheem txias taub hau yog qhov qub, thiab tsuas yog tus nqi tawg ntawm lub taub hau txias ntawm cov kab no ntawm cov kabmob steel hlau pas nrig tshaj 10%, uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog tus thawj hlau qws.
Hlau pas nrig txheej txheem: dawb paug txhaj tshuaj blasting Spot sib tsoo kev kho mob → taug kev beam rauv cua sov (preheating seem 700 ~ 750 degree, cua sov seem 1 930 ~ 960 degree, cua sov seem 2 1130 ~ 1160 degree, tsau seem 1200 ~ 1240 degree, cua sov seem 2 thiab ntu ntu ntu qhov kub thiab txias lub sijhawm 60 ~ 100min.) → kev kub siab dej descaling → ntxhib dov → nruab nrab dov → ua ntej ua tiav dov → dej txias hauv cheeb tsam 1 → tiav dov → dej txias hauv cheeb tsam 2 → txo qhov loj me → dej txias hauv cheeb tsam 3 → xaim kos duab → cua txias hauv Stelmo → coiling → tiav → baling → hnyav → warehousing.
1 Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv tawg ferrule
Plaub cov qauv yog randomly coj los ntawm cov qauv ferrule tawg, ob ntawm cov uas yog siv rau siab thiab tsis tshua muaj magnification tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab hardness tsom xam, thiab lwm yam ob ferrules yog siv rau carbide inhomogeneity thiab tawg tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab grain loj tsom xam.
1.1 Macroscopic soj ntsuam
Ib qho piv txwv ferrule cracking yog xaiv ntawm random thiab pom nyob rau hauv lub stereomicroscope. Lub macroscopic morphology ntawm ferrule cracking yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 2.
Daim duab 2
1.2 Macroscopic soj ntsuam
Ib qho ntawm cov ferrules tau etched nyob rau hauv kub hydrochloric acid (concentration 31%, kub 70 ~ 80 degree) rau 8 ~ 10min thiab ces coj tawm. Kev kuaj xyuas macroscopic pom tau tias muaj ntau qhov tawg ntawm ob sab ntawm lub ferrule, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3a ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab daim duab 3b ntawm sab nraub qaum.
Daim duab 3
Sib tsoo 2 ~ 3 hli tawm ntawm ib kawg ntawm lwm cov qauv ferrule, txiav ib feem ntawm qhov ntev, thiab muab nws tawm tom qab etching hauv kub hydrochloric acid (concentration 31%, kub 70 ~ 80 degree) rau 8 ~ 10 feeb. Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv / GBT18254, lub hauv paus porosity thiab dav porosity raug soj ntsuam raws li Qib 1.0, thiab tsis pom muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv daim duab 4. Yog li ntawd, qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsej muag tawg ntawm lub ferrule tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog cov macrostructure ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
Daim duab 4
1.3 Macroscopic soj ntsuam
1.3.1 Annealed xeev soj ntsuam ntawm ferrule tawg
Tom qab siv cov qauv ntawm ob qhov tawg ntawm sab xis ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg hauv daim duab 2 thiab kev sib tsoo, ua tib zoo saib cov ntu ntev nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom, thiab tsis muaj kev sib xyaw thiab oxides nyob rau hauv thiab ib ncig ntawm cov tawg tawg. Saib tom qab corrosion, lub microstructure ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov tawg yog zoo ib yam nrog cov matrix, uas yog spheroidal pearlite faib rau ntawm ferrite matrix, thiab tsis muaj decarburization pom ntawm ntug ntawm cov qauv thiab cov tawg, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. 5, Lub microstructure ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov tawg ntawm ntu ntu yog zoo ib yam nrog cov matrix, uas yog spheroidal pearlite faib rau ntawm ferrite matrix, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 5.
Daim duab 5
1.3.2 Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis sib xws carbide
Tom qab lub ferrule yog quenched thiab tempered, lub non-uniformity ntawm carbide nyob rau hauv lub longitudinal seem yog soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub microscope. Nws tau pom tias qhov banded thiab reticulated morphology yog raws li qhia hauv daim duab 6. Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv GB/T18254, lub ferrule yog rated raws li banded thiab reticulated 1.5, thiab tsis muaj carbide nag lossis daus, uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws tus qauv. . Yog li ntawd, qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsej muag tawg ntawm lub ferrule tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau qhov sib xws ntawm carbide hauv cov khoom siv raw.
Daim duab 6
1.4 Brinell hardness kuaj ntawm ferrule
Brinell hardness kuaj tau ua random raws lub nplhaib kev taw qhia ntawm lub ferrule. Lub hardness kuj sib xws, nrog qhov nruab nrab hardness ntawm 290.8HB. Tsis pom cov ntsiab lus siab lossis qis. Cov ntaub ntawv xeem tau qhia hauv Table 1.
1.5 Kev tshuaj xyuas Ferrule tawg
Tom qab quenching kev kho mob, ib tug ferrule yog tawg nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm. Lub longitudinal seem tawg qauv ntawm lub ferrule yog tshuaj xyuas los ntawm stereomicroscope. Muaj ntau qhov chaw ci ntsa iab ntawm macro tawg nto. Txhua qhov chaw ci ntsa iab yog cov nplej interface. Txoj kev puas tsuaj txuas ntxiv raws cov ciam teb ntawm cov lus qhia sib txawv, uas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pob txha tawg. Lub morphology yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 7.
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg kawg nkaus, txoj kev tawg ntawm kev nthuav tawm ib txwm txuas mus rau saum npoo nrog lub zog atomic bonding quab yuam, uas feem ntau nyob ntawm lub xeev thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua. Lub zog ciam teb tsis tas yuav yog qhov qis tshaj, tab sis yog tias cov hlau muaj qee yam metallurgical yam uas ua rau cov ciam teb tsis muaj zog (piv txwv li, lub billet yog overheated lossis burnt), cov hlau yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov pob txha tawg.
Daim duab 7
1.6 Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm austenite grain loj ntawm ferrule
Cov qoob loo loj ntawm cov qauv ntu ntev ntawm cov pob txha npaj tau raug tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas, thiab nws tau pom tias cov nplej loj ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub ferrule yog coarser dua li ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab cov morphology yog raws li qhia hauv daim duab. 8. Yog li ntawd, nws yog speculated hais tias qhov tawg specimen muaj feem xyuam rau tus thawj hlau qws cua sov txheej txheem, uas yog, lub zos overheating ntawm lub billet thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem.
Daim duab 8
2. Tsis zoo hlau pas nrig txheej txheem tracing thiab ntau lawm txheej txheem txhim kho cov kabmob steel hlau pas nrig rau ferrule
Los ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm macrostructure, hardness, carbide, tawg thiab grain loj ntawm cov qauv tawg, lub macrostructure, carbide uniformity thiab deg hardness yog ib txwm, thaum lub pob txha muaj overheated qauv, thiab cov grain loj ntawm lub sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub ferrule yog. tseem ceeb coarser tshaj ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws yog speculated tias qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau lub zos overheating ntawm tus thawj hlau pas nrig cua sov txheej txheem, uas yog, lub billet thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem.
Taug qab cov txheej txheem cua sov ntawm cov khoom tawg ntawm cov hlau rods, dov batch tooj C60199901, tag nrho ntawm 47 billets, tau muab tso rau hauv lub cub tawg thaum lub sij hawm hloov qhov specification, tsuas yog 10 kauj ruam ntawm lub cub tawg lub taub hau, lub preheating seem. 701 ~ 715 degree, cua sov seem 952 ~ 959 degree, cua sov seem 1148 ~ 1156 degree, ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau, thaum lub sij hawm soaking seem 1245 ~ 1248 degree, cua sov seem II thiab cov seem soaking siab kub seem 126 feeb, tshaj sab sauv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem specification.
Yuav kom daws tau sai sai ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov kabmob steel hlau qws txias taub hau nplhaib, cov txheej txheem cua sov ntawm cov kabmob steel hlau qws yog optimized:
Txoj hauj lwm pub ntawm bearing steel billet yog optimized. Thaum lub sij hawm yob hloov, cov kabmob hlau tsis muaj siv los ua lub dab tshos tsis pub nkag mus rau hauv cov cua sov ncaj qha. Thawj qhov khoob yog tsawg kawg yog 48 kauj ruam deb ntawm tapping txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cub tawg lub taub hau, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 9. Thaum txoj kev hloov steel qib tsis txaus, nws yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw txaus, thiab siv lub sij hawm hloov yob kom tiav. cov kauj ruam khoob qhov chaw raws li qhov ib txwm tapping atherosclerosis, thiaj li tiv thaiv cov kabmob steel billet los ntawm kev nyob hauv qhov cub cua sov rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv zos.
Daim duab 9
Lub sij hawm cua sov ntawm cov kabmob hlau tsis muaj qhov ua kom zoo, thiab lub sijhawm nyob ntawm cov kabmob hlau tsis muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias tom qab nkag mus rau ntu thib ob cua sov thiab ntu ntu yog tswj kom tsis pub tshaj 100min.
Cov cua kub kub thiab tapping kub ntawm bearing steel billets yog optimized. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov hauv zos ntawm cov kabmob steel billets nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov cub, qhov cua sov yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis. Qhov siab tshaj plaws cua sov ntawm qhov cua sov thiab ntu ntu dej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1220 degree, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov hlau liab tom qab descaling yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1130 degree.
3 Kev nqis tes ua ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem
Tom qab kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem, cov kabmob steel hlau qws GCr15-Y nrog cov xov tooj cua sov 16706548, tag nrho ntawm 45 billets, tau tsim dua rau tus neeg siv los tsim lub nplhaib 18mm. Thaum hloov qhov loj ntawm 18mm, tsuas yog 24 daim ntawm lub cub tawg no yog muab tso rau hauv lub cub tawg, thiab lub sij hawm hloov yob yog 50min. Tom qab lub yob hloov, cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog tus du. Lub sijhawm nyob ntawm qhov kub siab ntawm ntu cua sov II thiab ntu ntu ntu ntu yog 68min, qhov kub ntawm cov cua sov seem II yog 1135 degree, qhov kub ntawm qhov seem yog 1212 degree, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov hlau liab tom qab descaling yog 1122 degree.
Sib piv cov austenite grain loj ntawm no batch ntawm hlau qws qauv nrog cov hlau pas nrig nrog overheating defects yav dhau los. Nws pom tau hais tias cov npoo nplej loj ntawm cov hlau pas nrig nrog qhov tsis xws luag overheating yog pom tseeb ntxhib, thaum lub sij hawm no cov hlau pas nrig loj loj kuj zoo ib yam thiab zoo, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 10.
Daim duab 10
Tus neeg siv tsis yws txog cov teeb meem zoo tom qab siv cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlua hlau no. Raws li tus neeg siv cov lus tawm tswv yim, tus nqi tawg nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub taub hau txias ferrules txo qis, los ntawm ntau dua 10% mus rau tsawg dua 0.5%.
4 Kev xaus
Kev tawg ntawm cov kabmob steel hlau pas nrig txias taub hau dab tshos yog cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem qub hlau pas nrig cua sov, uas yog, lub zos overheating ntawm steel billet thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem. Thaum npaj cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm cov kabmob steel hlau qws siv rau dab tshos, sim kom tsis txhob muaj cov kabmob steel billet ncaj qha nkag mus rau ntu cua sov thaum hloov cov yob. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem zam tau tiag tiag, qib steel yuav tsum tau hloov pauv raws li kab lossis cov kauj ruam sib txuas yuav tsum tau tawm mus.
Cov cua kub kub thiab lub sij hawm cua sov yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis. Lub sij hawm nyob ntawm qhov kub siab tom qab lub billet nkag mus rau qhov cua sov thib ob thiab ntu ntu ntu yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 100min, qhov kub siab tshaj plaws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1220 degree, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov hlau liab tom qab descaling yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1130 degree.
Cov txheej txheem txhim kho tau siv los txuas ntxiv tsim ntau yam khoom siv, thiab tsis muaj batch cracking zoo tsis txaus siab.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog WBM Carbide Cold Heading Tuag:
WBM tuaj yeem tsim ntau hom thiab ntau thiab tsawg Steel Ball Dies nrog kev ruaj ntseg zoo, suav nrog: carbide steel pob txias taub hau tuag, Steel pob txias taub hau tuag rau lub tebchaws.
Khoom siv: tungsten carbide los yog pwm hlau
Cov khoom tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem txias: Quill (txiav tawm tuag), cutter (txiav hniav), xuas nrig ntaus, taper tuag. Txawm hais tias koj cov khoom yog cov ntaub ntawv harden steel lossis los ntawm harden steel, peb cov txheej txheem tag nrho tuaj yeem khiav hauv lub neej zoo.
High precision tuag ua raws li koj daim duab. Thiab peb tseem tuaj yeem muab cov cuab yeej tsim kev pabcuam raws li koj cov menyuam headers.
